Polymorphism Overview

Polymorphism means "many forms" — the same interface can be used for different underlying types.

Two Types

1. Compile-time (static): Function overloading, operator overloading
2. Run-time (dynamic): Virtual functions, overridden methods

Function Overloading

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
double add(double a, double b) { return a + b; }

Same function name, different parameter types.

Why Polymorphism Matters

• Write generic code that works with base class pointers
• Add new derived classes without changing existing code
• Each class provides its own behavior through overriding

Real-World Analogy

A "shape" can be a circle, rectangle, or triangle. Each has its own way of calculating area, but the interface (area()) is the same.